Three Procedures in Sand Manufacturing

Manufactured sand is widely used in a number of fields. For example, the construction industry is the biggest customer of manufactured sand, closely followed by glass making industry and chemical companies. The raw materials (gravel or rock) are generally excavated from underground or dunes and beaches using hauling machines. Then at the processing plant, rock crusher is used for primary crushing, turning large particles to smaller ones. Based on the crushing characteristics, the gradation of the materials and the volume of the final product, it is essential to choose the right stone crusher and to make sure that the machine is made with experienced craftsmanship. Run at lower speeds, rock crushers are capable of processing materials into smaller particles with less consumption of energy. In most cases, the semi-products are irregular and require further crushing, washing and selecting.

After the initial crushing, the materials are poured into a jaw crusher to be processed into smaller particles. Jaw crushers are large stationary crushers and are available in handling a range of materials. In general, they consist of a fixed crushing jaw and a moveable jaw. Driven by a toggle plate system, the two jaws constitute a wedge-shaped crushing zone in which materials are crushed in a centrifugal manner. Jaw crushers are user-friendly and easy to maintain. Besides, they are well adapted to meet different requirements made by customers with their high durability and excellent crushing performance. Simply to operate, jaw crushers are capable of crushing rock into fine, even particles.

Sand washers are employed in the washing process. There are multi-functional sand washers and exclusive sand washers. The former can be applied to wash slurry and mud while the latter is exclusively designed to deal with dry materials. Generally speaking, a sand washer consists of the following parts: a chassis, motors, sedimentation tanks, rotary bucket elevators, impellers and gears. After a sand washer is started, gears begin to rotate slowly, driving impellers to churn the incoming sand or some other materials. Then the majority of impurities are separated and the vapor layer of sand is dehydrated. After the separation process, sand is transferred by gear-controlled impellers into several sedimentation tanks where waste water is discharged from perforated sheets on the bottom.

The selecting procedures include the removal of heavy mineral impurities and electrostatic screen. And a sand screen is used to separate particles of different diameters from each other and to collect the particles in line with the production requirements. Particle size distribution (PSD) is one of the key indicators in the stage of screening. If the size of the sand screen is too small, unwanted plugging may happen, which may lead to screen erosion. And if its size is too large, the impurities may not be separated completely. Therefore, the wise choice and correct operation of sand screens have a far-reaching effect on the product efficiency and product quality.

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